The result of observing demonstrated that crude joint and crack of lower top coal were much more developed than integrated upper top coal in front .

The disturbance to strata during tunnel construction brings about strata deformation and opens original vertical joints,so it is ubiquitous for the earth s surface cracks during shallow loess tunnels construction.

Taking the double horse head type,offset-wheel type,swingrod type and downward beam balance weight type as the searching objective,firstly structure designing and energy-saving principle of the four types of beam-pumping unit are analyzed,then their performance are contrastively analyzed at the same condition,referring as offset pumping unit with comparative analyzing.

The actual states of China\'s energy-saving doors and windows,the energy-saving principles and technologies of the outside doors and windows were discussed,as well as the design measures to ensure energy-saving effect of the outside doors and windows in the building.