Clamping device is composed of a temperature-controlled micro-displacement driving device, an area effect stroke amplifier and a self-locking bi-bar single-acting toggle force amplifying mechanism.

In the paper,several methods including increasing the medium loading rate,enhancing the stirring speed and feeding water during the fermentation were studied to scale up the submerged fermentation of Hypsizigus marmoreus from shaking flasks to 7.

To isolate the retroreflections from the target and the self-oscillation in multipass amplifier system, the large-aperture electro-optical switch is required.