In order to improve the forecast accuracy, the original GM(1,h) models are improved by using two method-ologies of equal dimension replenishment and residual modification with Markov-chain sign estimation.

Application of fuzzy Markov chains model in landslide stability prediction;

Forecasting model and its application of energy structure and pollutant emission based on Markov chain;

Application of fuzzy Markov chain model in run-off prediction for Guijiang basin;

Validation of confidence of model based on Markov chains for evaluating effect of naval mine-sweeping;

Analysis of Algorithms Based on Markov Chains Model;

Most previous research on this problem is focused on its optimal models,a dynamic stochastic multi-airport ground-holding IP model is presented based on discrete-time Markov chains.

Application of the grey model and Markov-chain method to line-shape control of cantilever construction of PC continuous rigid frame bridge;

This paper presents Markov-chain approach to support quantitative risk analysis in project risk management and a example is introduced to help to develop and share a greater understanding of Markov-chain approach.

This study presents that residual of the grey model is a Markov-chain , then presents a new residual modification model.

Combining the engineering characteristic and the theory of Markov chain, this paper inferred the forecast model of fuzzy Markov chain, which had the fuzzy division of conditions and characteristics of no following effects in the main.

By establishing the prediction model for deterioration of reinforced concrete bridge based on the fuzzy Markov Chain,this paper expatiates the classification of deterioration grades of bridge structure and determination methods for fuzzy deterioration states.