Methods A total of 88 umbilical cord blood samples,including those randomly selected from Tianjin stem cell bank and already matched for transplantation,were performed polymerase chain reaction sequence specific primers(PCR-SSP) and sequencing based type (SBT) to check their type results and sequencing based type.

By means of PCR and direct sequencing,all 51 exons and their neighbouring intronic sequences of the COL4A5 gene were analyzed to detect mutations in 17 members from a Chinese family with X-linked Alport syndrome(XLAS).

The amplified specific sequence of the bovine mtDNA from meat and feed samples is demonstrated by both direct sequencing and restriction endonuclease digestion yield analysis.

Methods By using immunohistochemical fechnique, MDT-PCR-SSCP and direct sequencing the mP53 expression and point muta- tion in exon 6 of p53 gene in both Solt-Farber model and DEN-induced liver cancer model were detected.

Method Select blood,heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,pancreas,brain,muscle,skin,rib,nail and hair of 18 individuals,screening the heteroplasmyic samples by DHPLC,and confirm by direct sequencing.

Samples were detected by direct sequencing and clone sequencing,and the results were compared.

Polymerase chain reaction and silver staining-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA direct sequencing were used to detect the mutation of p53 gene in exons 5-8.