The relation between the serial cost pricing and the axioms of upper bound,lower bound,free lunch,controllability of demand and consistency was discussed in detail.

Reservoir′s absolute low limit of throat,effective low limit of throat,absolute low limit of porosity and productive low limit of porosity of member Ⅱ of Jia LingJiang formation in Eastern Sichuan are fixed by many analytic methods under new througts.

Algorithm for determining the lower limit of the iterated times in IFSP;

Stratigraphical division and lower limit of the Quaternary in Hunan;

At present, the approximate solution of Voigt and Reuss's upper limit or lower limit and the calculating formula of Hashin and Shtrikman's upper limit or lower limit are accurate.

In the present paper, a mathematical programming method for the lower bound limit analysis of structures is presented based upon the classical theorem of limit analysis, Von Mises yielding condition and finite element method.

The result of calculative example is compared to that of lower bound.

In this paper two new lower bounds of undetected error probability for (n, k) linear block codes in GF(q) are obtained.

The calculating methods of geochemical anomaly thresholds are very important in mineral exploration and resource prediction.

For a long time, the threshold is confirmed on the assumption that the concentration of chemical elements in the crust follows a normal distribution or concentration of elements takes on a continuous change in space.

During the disposal of regional geochemical data, the key is confirmation of anomalous threshold, which is also a fundamental issue in explorative geochemistry.