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1)  ground subsidence and deformation
地形沉降及变形
2)  ground surface settlement and deformation
地表沉降及变形
1.
It is inevitable to impact regular service and safely operation of surface buildings and underground structures because of ground surface settlement and deformation by constructing urban subway.
鉴于地下铁道施工引起的地表沉降及变形将不可避免的影响地表及地下建筑物的正常使用和安全运营,正确预测可能发生的地表沉降及变形,可以选择最佳的施工技术,制定一套完善的措施。
3)  settlement deformation
沉降变形
1.
This paper uses a dedicated finite element software PLAXIS for geo-engineering,to further explore the rules of embankment settlement deformation under different heights,and discusses relationship between embankment height and road bed settlement deformation.
采用岩土工程专用有限元软件PLAXIS,对不同高度条件下的路堤沉降变形规律进行深入研究,探讨路堤高度与路基沉降变形的关系。
2.
According to the field test data of the bridge-subgrade transition section in permafrost regions during 3 years after the construction,the ground temperature variation inside different locations of subgrade and the settlement deformation rules of subgrade basement and subgrade in different locations of the cross and the longitudinal section were analyzed.
根据多年冻土区路桥过渡段路基在竣工后3 a内的现场试验数据,分析了路基不同位置的地温变化、路基基底沉降变形和路基不同位置沿横向及纵向的沉降变形规律。
3.
Combined with practical engineering of Wenwu Road station,the author analyzes the causes of surrounding buildings settlement deformation in the process of subway construction,and proposes measures to control settlement and incline of the buildings,in order to ensure security of the buildings,which to offer some guidance for similar engineering constructions.
结合文武路车站实例,分析了在城市修建地铁过程中造成周边建筑物沉降变形的原因,提出了控制建筑物沉降与倾斜的措施,从而确保了建筑物的安全,对类似工程的修建具有一定的指导意义。
4)  Settlement and deformation
沉降变形
1.
Based on numerical modeling combined with a practical engineering,the characteristics of consolidation settlement and deformation of the new and old road foundations are analyzed for an expressway widening project where the old road is unstable.
通过数值模拟,结合高速公路加宽工程实例,分析了在原有路基未固结稳定情况下新老路基的固结沉降变形特性,并对可能的处理方法进行了分析探讨。
2.
The settlement and deformation behavior of the soft clay subgrade are analyzed in detail before and after the opening to traffic.
详细分析了通车前和通车后软土路基的沉降变形特征。
5)  settlement [英]['setlmənt]  [美]['sɛtḷmənt]
沉降变形
1.
Analysis on settlement of the discharge culvert under an earth dam in a plain-area
平原水库坝下放水兼放空涵洞沉降变形分析
2.
By centrifugal model experiments,settlement behavior of high filling embankments different dry density and water content conditions is researched,and it analyzed relation between settlement and dry density and water content,the impact of mixture ration on settlement under same dry density and water content conditions.
通过离心模型试验,研究了高填方路堤在不同设计干密度和含水量条件下的沉降变形特征,沉降变形与填筑体的干密度和含水量之间的关系,以及在相同干密度、相同含水量条件下,填土的不同粒径含量配比对路基沉降变形的影响。
3.
Based on the static equilibrium and deformation coordination condition of the big diameter extended-bottom pile,the formula for calculating the settlement of big diameter extended-bottom pile with the bearing platform effect,is put forward.
根据大直径扩底桩桩顶处的静力平衡条件和变形协调条件,建立了考虑承台效应时计算大直径扩底桩沉降变形的公式。
6)  subsidence and deformation
沉降变形
1.
This paper presents prediction on the subsidence and deformation of high-rise buildings by using the Model GM(1,1) in the Grey Theory.
提出利用灰色理论GM(1,1)模型对高层建筑的沉降变形进行预测,并基于MATLAB计算程序,对实际工程进行了分析和检验,实践表明应用该理论对高层建筑沉降变形进行预测,尤其是应用于高层建筑主楼和裙房之间后浇带浇灌时间确定方面,具有较高的参考价值。
2.
Through the elaborate reconnaissance, design and calculation, the subsidence and deformation and loading met the design, which is a good example for the same engineering in the area.
本工程选择 5层细砂层为持力层 ,通过精心勘察、设计及计算 ,承载力和沉降变形都满足设计要求 ,为本地区此类工程的应用提供了一个比较成功和值得借鉴的实例。
3.
In this paper, based on the engineering of culvert under the embankment of the special high-stacked soil in the freeway from Lanzhou to Haishiwan in Gansu province, by field tests and theoretical analyses, the earth pressure and methods of subsidence and deformation above culvert basement are researched.
本文依托甘肃兰州—海石湾高速公路特高填路堤下涵洞的实体工程,通过现场试验和理论分析研究了特高填涵洞基底以上土压力及沉降变形规律,揭示了高填涵洞台身及涵顶土压力性状、涵洞施工期及工后期土压力变化特性、减荷情况下高填路堤涵洞及涵洞地基的受力性状与破坏成因。
补充资料:地形跟随和地形回避雷达
      飞行器上探测地形变化和回避地物的雷达。它是自动地形跟随系统的组成部分。地形跟随雷达把探测到的飞行前方的起伏地形信息(距离、方位、高度)提供给自动飞行控制系统或驾驶员,以便操纵飞机与地面保持一定的垂直距离飞行。地形回避雷达不断探测出飞行前方高于规定高度的障碍物,驾驶员根据雷达的指示作横向的机动飞行。现代军用飞机为了低空安全飞行,机上只装地形跟随雷达就能满足要求,而地形回避雷达则是一种辅助手段。有的机载雷达兼有地形跟随和地形回避功能。
  
  地形跟随和地形回避雷达的工作原理与普通的脉冲雷达(见脉冲多普勒雷达)大致相同,区别只是功能不同,组成有些差异。测量精度和分辨率比一般雷达高。这类雷达多采用单脉冲技术,有的采用脉冲多普勒体制或相控阵技术。用地形跟随雷达飞行时,天线波束以一定的俯角照射飞机前方的地面或在一定的俯角内扫描,随时将测出的距离与规定的参考距离作比较,产生一个要求的俯仰变化率信号。同时由无线电高度表测出飞机对地面的相对高度,并与规定的安全相对高度相比较,产生另一个要求的俯仰变化率信号。从这两个俯仰变化率中选取一个对飞行较安全的变化率,再与陀螺测定的飞机实际俯仰变化率作比较,其差值信号就是飞机爬高飞行或下降飞行的修正值 (图1)。
  
  
  地形回避雷达比地形跟随雷达简单。驾驶员可以选择与飞机有一定高度间隔的安全飞行平面,雷达天线保持一固定的俯仰角,左右扫描,测出高于安全飞行平面地物的高度,驾驶员操纵飞机作横向机动,绕过地形障碍。雷达提供的地物回避指令信号也可输给自动驾驶仪,使飞机自动避开障碍物 (图2)。
  
  
  为了确保低空飞行的安全,这两种雷达都备有自检报警系统并采用余度技术,一部雷达出现故障时,立即自动转换另一部接替。
  

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