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1)  Simulated rainfall
模拟降雨量
2)  rainfall simulation
降雨模拟
1.
It is important to offer the kinetic energy equal to that of the natural rainfall in the rainfall simulation.
能量相似是降雨模拟的基本原则。
2.
A series of rainfall simulation experiments was undertaken on steep loess slopes, in order to assess the importance of overland flow and soil erosion in different land use situations.
在较陡的黄土坡地上进行了一系列降雨模拟试验,以便评价雨水的入渗及水土流失情况。
3.
2) It is the waving grasses planted in the brick holes that blocks the runoff in the initial stage of the rainfall simulation and fluctuates the runoff process curves in the later stage.
为了探索和验证城市透水面集水效应的现场试验方法,并初步率定嵌草砖铺装路面的渗流特性,通过城市嵌草砖铺装路面的降雨模拟现场试验,观测试验面出口的径流过程。
3)  simulation rainfall
模拟降雨
1.
According to the results of simulation rainfall experiments,the transport traits of soil water on loess slope lands with different soil antecedent water content,1.
通过室内模拟降雨试验,研究了水蚀条件下初始含水量分别为1。
2.
According to the results of simulation rainfall experiments,the transport traits of soil water on loess slope lands with different soil textures,Yangling sandy clay soil,Ansai loam,Shenmu silt loam,respectively,are investigated.
通过室内模拟降雨试验,研究了杨凌塿土、安塞黄绵土和神木绵砂土的水分迁移特征。
3.
According to the results of simulation rainfall experiments,the transport traits of soil NO3-,NH4+,PO43-,K+ and Br-on loess slope lands with different soil textures,Yangling Lou soil,Ansai loam,Shenmu silt loam,respectively,were investigated.
通过室内模拟降雨试验,以杨凌塿土、安塞黄绵土和神木绵砂土为研究对象,研究了土壤NO3-、NH4+、PO43-、K+和Br-的迁移特征。
4)  artificial rainfall
模拟降雨
1.
Based on the artificial rainfall experiments on loess slope land,the recession flow and the influential factors,such as rainfall,topography,and physiognomy,and agricultural managements are analyzed in this paper.
通过室内模拟降雨试验,分析了黄土坡面退水情况及降雨因素、地形地貌和农业管理措施对退水的影响,同时从降雨-径流-土壤相互作用角度探讨了退水矿质氮的浓度和负荷量。
2.
Two artificial rainfall experiments are conducted on the two natural wild slopes.
在黄土高原约15°的自然荒草坡面上,对两个坡面小区进行野外模拟降雨实验,其中一个从坡顶向坡底逐渐破坏地表植被和结皮,另一个从坡底向坡顶逐渐破坏地表植被和结皮,分别对破坏过程中各种植被面积下的降雨产流产沙量进行比较,结果认为:在相同面积条件下,位于坡底的植被比位于坡顶的植被保水作用高2。
5)  Rainfall Simulation
模拟降雨
1.
A rainfall simulation experiment was carried out to assess the effect on infiltration that covered with different materials.
利用人工模拟降雨试验研究不同覆盖材料对降雨入渗能力的影响 ,重点研究渗水地膜覆盖、海绵薄膜覆盖情况下径流量和水分入渗速率的变化。
2.
Two rounds of field rainfall simulation experiments were conducted to assess the impacts of conservation tillage and its related factors, including surface tillage, residue cover and wheel traffic, on runoff and infiltration.
通过 2次人工模拟降雨试验 ,研究了机械化保护性耕作以及秸秆覆盖、表土耕作及机具压实 3因素对降雨入渗的影响。
3.
HJ4/9] A field rainfall simulation experiment was carried out to assess the impacts of conservation tillage on runoff and infiltration, and the effects of surface tillage, residue cover and wheel traffic compaction were also studied.
采用人工模拟降雨试验研究了保护性耕作控制农田地表径流的效果 ,重点探讨了表土耕作、秸秆覆盖及土壤压实 3种因素对地表径流和水分入渗的影响。
6)  simulated rainfall
模拟降雨
1.
Effects of swine manure application on P losses from different farmlands under simulated rainfall in Dianchi watershed of Yunnan province;
滇池流域人工模拟降雨条件下农田施用有机肥对磷素流失的影响
2.
The response of leaf traits of 14 plant species in typical steppe to the simulated rainfall;
典型草原14种植物叶片性状对模拟降雨变化的响应
3.
Effect of turf-mowing and simulated rainfall on the efficiency of Bensulfuron-methyl·Metsulfuron-methyl
草坪修剪及模拟降雨对苄·甲磺药效的影响
补充资料:有效降雨量
      全年或季节性总降雨量中为作物生产直接或间接利用,及用作农田其他必须耗用的水量。它包括作物截留的雨水、作物植株蒸腾和株间土壤蒸发(水田即为株间水面蒸发)掉的降水、淋洗和水田渗漏等有助于作物生长和耕作作业的那部分降水。
  
  有效降雨量是制定作物灌溉制度、灌溉排水规划、灌溉用水管理等的重要依据。在雨育农业地区,有效降雨量对合理规划作物生产和确定耕作方法,尤为重要。
  
  有效降雨量与降雨特性、气象条件、土地和土壤特性、土壤水分状况、地下水埋深、作物特性和覆盖状况以及农业耕作管理措施等因素有关。对有效降雨量的田间测定,包括降雨量、地表径流损失、深层渗漏损失,以及由作物蒸腾、蒸发所吸收的土壤水分等的田间量测,可用土壤剖面水分测定法、渗漏计测定法和水稻筒测法等三种方法测定。第一种方法,需通过对实际腾发量(植株蒸腾和株间蒸发量之和)的计算求得。后两种方法,可直接测定每次降雨的有效降雨量。一般确定有效降雨量是利用水量平衡通过计算获得,即某次降雨的有效降雨量为次降雨量减去地面径流量和深层渗漏量(对水稻田不计此项)。由于后两项不易测定,一般用经验的降雨有效利用系数计算有效降雨量,即:
  Pθ=αP
  式中Pθ为有效降雨量(mm);P为次降雨量(mm);α为降雨有效利用系数,它和次降雨量有关。中国目前采用以下经验系数:次降雨小于50mm时,α=1.0;次降雨为50~150mm时,α=0.80~0.75;次降雨大于150mm时,α=0.70。系数α需根据各地条件,并进行试验研究后确定。根据次降雨有效利用量,可求得年度、季度或作物生长期的有效降雨量。提高降雨有效利用系数的措施有:平整土地,修田坎,减小地面径流;深耕、耙磨、防止土壤板结,增加入渗;加强灌溉管理等。
  

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