Non-dimensionalized with average wave height,the accumulative probability of wave height in wave groups with long runs is remarkably larger than in wave groups with short.

Nolte derived the accumulative probability of multi-wave heights in a wave group on the basis of the linear theory of ocean waves and the Rayleigh distribution of wave height.

Since the Monte Carlo method has the disadvantage of complex operation,a new risk- assessment method of reserve scale upgrade is developed, which utilizes the cumulative probability chart and is based on the comparison of reserve before and after the upgrading.

Especialy after the conceptsof“cumulative frequency”and“cumulative probability”were established by the authors of thispaper,randomly distributed observed data points were changed into a continuously distributed“field of seismic reduction effect”,thus realizing the quantitative description of seismic reductioneffects of large earthquakes.

Based on the perspective of exchange rate misalignment,this paper empirically studies the relationship of exchange rate misalignment and exchange rate regime transition probability of six countries of Southeastern A- sia by using binary Logit model.

The transformation probability of meso structure varies with the external forces and temperature.