Power propagation equations of multi-pumped fiber Raman amplifiers(FRA) are reasonably simplified,a mathematical model of composite Raman gain of multi-signals in dense wavelength division multiplexed system (DWDM) amplified by multi-pumped FRA is built,and the influence of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) on Raman gain is analyzed.

The SAA-PA can effectively solve multimodal optimization in the distributed multi-pump Raman amplifier (DMRA).

Broadband gain-flattened multiwavelength pumped Raman fiber amplifier;

Principle and application of Raman fiber amplifier;

Applying Raman Fiber Amplifier to DWDM;

In order to obtain the critical condition of fibre Raman amplifier,an equation describing the threshold power of the amplifier is deduced when considering the energy transferring from pumping-light to signal-light.

In order to analyze the gain characteristics of forward-pumped and backward-pumped fibre Raman amplifier(FRA),numeric simulation of the coupling equations of FRA was provided,especially shooting method with Runge-Kutta method was combined in backward-pumped FRA.

In order to analyze the gain characteristics of forward-pumped fibre Raman amplifier(FRA),comparison of two analysis methods—— both numeric simulation and analytical method is presented.