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1)  Concepts and terminology
概念和术语
2)  concepts and terminologies
概念术语
1.
From the angle of research methods and research category, the author has reviewed the research of the classical acumoxological concepts and terminologies in the past 20 years.
从研究方法与角度、研究范畴两个方面综述了近20年来经典针灸概念术语的研究概况,认为,目前针灸经典概念术语研究已有若干成果,但现状不容乐观主要存在系统研究阙如、研究方法不足、文化角度的研究缺乏微场立场、缺乏临床立场的研究等四个方面的问题。
3)  conceptual terms
概念性术语
1.
A number of foreign conceptual terms of the heritage study are translated and clarified in Chinese.
文章研讨了文化和自然遗产科学中一些概念性术语的译解。
4)  consistency of translating concepts and terms
概念术语的译名统一
1.
Based on Skopostheory and with examples analysis, the author puts forward the view that major principles of translating economies literature should be conveying the main information,achieving pragmatic equivalence, and reaching consistency of translating concepts and terms.
文章运用翻译目的论的有关原理,并通过译例分析,提出企业外宣资料汉英翻译应遵循“传译主要信息、语用等效、概念术语的译名统一”的原则。
5)  semantic concept
语义概念
1.
Research into information retrieval based on the combination of keyword and semantic concept;
基于关键词与语义概念结合的信息检索研究
2.
Traditional text categorization methods are difficult to deal with the high dimensionality characteristic of the text documents based on semantic concept of the words.
基于词空间的分类方法很难处理文本的高维特性和捕获文本语义概念。
3.
The extended model realizes semantic concept retrieval and is able to handle the inqu.
新模型合理地考虑了术语关系,实现了基于语义概念的检索。
6)  pragmatic conception
语用概念
1.
In fact,the counterfactual conditional is a pragmatic conception that expresses the tendency or sentiment to some events or environments and possesses close relation to the subject.
反事实条件句与实质蕴涵和严格蕴涵不同,在历史上解决反事实条件句的理论主要有共存性理论和相似性理论,但这两种理论都存在一定的局限性,实际上,反事实条件句是一个语用概念,它表达了对某种事件或现象的情感或意向,与主体有密切的关系。
补充资料:哲学概念、术语译名对照表





       哲学概念、术语译名对照表


                     A
absolute idea             绝对理念absolute mind             绝对精神abstract and              抽象与具体
concreteactuality                 现实adharma                   非法ata                     不可见力规律agatha                     善,好ahakra                  自我意识ahis                    不害ahyna                     禅定,静虑aira                      气aithera                   以太algebra of logic          逻辑代数alienated labour          异化劳动alienation                异化al-kmya                 炼金术,金液allegoria                 讽喻方法me                       灵魂,心灵analogy                   类比analytical judgement      分析判断antman                   无我anitya                    无常anti-matter               反物质antinomies                二律背反au                       极微,原子,尘nvkik                 推理学问apeiron                   无限定,无规定apodeictic proposition    确然命题apperception              统觉apriori                   先天的arche                     本原artificial intelligence   人工智能sana                     坐法asat                      无assertoric proposition    实然命题association               联想sthetik/aesthetics       美学,感知论,感性论tman                     我atom and vacuum           原子和虚空attribute                 属性aufheben                  扬弃,奥伏赫变autonomy and              自律与他律
heteronomyavidy                    无明avyakta                   非变异axiology                  价值学

                     B
bealilaet                 实在beauty                    美being                     存在,有bhakti-yoga               信瑜伽bhedabheddvaita          不一不二论biological evolution      生物进化bon sens                  良知brahman                   梵buddhindriys             感觉器官,知根burgher society           市民社会

                     C
categories                范畴categorical imperative    绝对命令catursatya                四谛cause and effect          原因和结果cause sui                 自因,自身的原因cell                      细胞circle                    圆圈classification            分类cogito,ergo sum           我思故我在cognition                 认识compound proposition      复合命题conditioned reflex        条件反射confirmability            可确认性conformity to aim         合目的性conjunction               联言命题,合取命题
oropositionconscience                良心consciousness             意识content and form          内容和形式contradiction             矛盾contradictory             矛盾关系
oppositioncontrary opposition       反对关系coordinative              协调定义
defintionscopula                    系词

                     D
deductive-normalogic      演绎-律则模型
modeldeep structure            深层结构definite and              有限与无限
indefinitedefinition                定义demiurgas                 创造者deoxyribonucleic acid     脱氧核糖核酸description               摹状词dhra                   执持dharma                    法dialectical thinking      辩证思维dialectics                辩证法die lehre vom sein        存在论difference                差异differentiae              种差ding an sich              物自体,自在之
                    物,自在物distribution              周延division                  划分division by               二分法
dichotomydoctor angelicus          天使博士duration                  绵延duty                      义务dynamis potentia          潜能

                     E
effusion and pores        流射与孔道ego and non-ego           自我与非我eidos                     理念,相lan vital                生命冲动elements                  要素elnheitswssenschat        统一科学enlightenment             启蒙思想entusserung              外化entelechie                隐德莱希entfremdung               异化enumeration               枚举equivalence               等价erscheinung               现象essence                   本质esthetic experience       审美经验esthetics                 美学existential quantifier    存在量词existenzerhelung          显示生存experience                经验

                     F
falsafah                  哲学false appearance          假象falsiablity               可证伪度falsification             证伪feasibility               可行性feedback                  反馈field                     域,场first philosophy          第一哲学form and matter           形式和质料forms of                  交往形式
communicationforms of intuition a      先天直观形式
prioriforms of undertanding     先天知性形式
a priorifour cardinal virtues     四主德four causes               四因four idols                四假相function                  函项,函数fr sich                  自为

                     G
genos/genus               种good and evil             善与恶

                     H
harmonie pr-tablie      前定和谐haha yoga                力量瑜伽,诃陀瑜伽heredity                  遗传hetu-vidy                因明hinayna                  小乘hoema                     意识对象homoimereias              同类部分honour                    荣誉humanized nature          人化自然hyle                      质料hypothesis                假说

                     I
ich und nicht-ich        自我与非我idea                     理念ideas                    观念idee inne               天赋观念ideology                 意识形态idola                    假相if and only if           当且仅当illocutionary act        加强语意的言语行为illusion                 错觉imagination              想象individual variable      个体变项(元)inference                推理information              信息in itself and for itself  自在与自为innate ideas             天赋观念intelligenz              心智intentionality           意向性interphenomena           现象间intersubjectivity        主体间性intuition                直觉vara                    自在天varaka              自在黑

                     J
joy/comic                 滑稽justice                   正义

                     K
kaivalya                  独存karma                     业karmendriys              行动器官kategorischer             直言命令,至上
imperativ               命令,绝对命令kinesis                   运动knowledge                 知识
                      L
la volont gnrale       公意,总意志law                        规律,法则law of contradiction      矛盾律law of unity of           对立统一规律
oppositeleap                       飞跃levels                     层次libido                     里比多litterac encylicae         通谕locutionary act            表达语意的言语行为logical atom               逻辑原子logical consequence        逻辑后承logistic                   逻辑斯蒂logos                      逻各斯,道lokyata                   顺世论,路迦耶
                      陀,世间行

                     M
madhyam-pratpad           中道,中谛mahsaghika              大众部mahat buddh               统觉,觉,大mahyna                  大乘man is the measure        人是万物的尺度
of all thingmass and energy           质量与能量materia                   质料matter                    物质my                      幻measure                   度mediation                 中介mehtexis                  分有memory                    记忆messenger RNA             信息核糖核酸metaphysics               形而上学mind                      精神,心理modes of prodution        生产方式modus                     样式mglichkeit               可能性moka                     解脱moment                    契机monado                    单子moral                     道德morality                  道德,德性morphe                    形式mother of life            善母,生命之母motion                    运动mutual action             相互作用

                     N
natura naturans           产生自然的自然natura naturata           被自然产生的自然natura prior              高于自然nature                    自然necessity and             必然性与偶然性
contingencynecessity and freedom     必然与自由nirvna                   涅niyama                    劝制noema                     意向对象noesis                    意识活动noumenon                  本体nous                      奴斯nsuo genere finita        在本类中有限numbers                   数nyya-vidy               正理明

                     O
objectifcation           对象化objective truth           客观真理observation               观察offenbarung               天启,启示ontology                  本体论ousia                     实体,本体

                     P
paka                     宗paka-dharma              根本法,宗法pakadharmat             遍是宗法性pacaskandha              五蕴paradigm                  范式paradox                   悖论paramrtha-satya          真谛parts and whole           部分和整体perception                知觉perceptual cognition      感性认识perceptual intuition      直观perlocutionary act        取得效果的言语行为petit perception          微知觉phenomenon                现象pneuma                    普纽马,气息position and negation     肯定和否定possibility and           可能性与现实性
actualitypotentiality and          潜能和现实
actualitypractice                  实践pragmatic                 语用prj                    般若,智慧prakti                   原初物质,自性,冥谛pryma                 调息pratitya samutpda        缘起pratyha                制感predicate                 谓项,谓词,谓语predicate variable        谓词变项(元)pre-established           前定和谐
harmonyproblematic               或然命题,概然
proposition               命题production relation       生产关系productive force          生产力prolkollstze             记录句子property relation         财产关系propositional act         命题行为psyche                    灵魂psychical distance        心理距离purua                    神我

                     Q
qual                      痛苦qualitative change        质变quality                   质quality and quantity      质和量quantitative change       量变quantity                  量quinque viae              五条道路
                      R
rational cognition        理性认识reasoning                 推理reduction                 还原,归结reference                 指称reflexion                 反思,反映relation                  关系relative and absolute     相对与绝对represehtation            表象rondomness                随机性

                     S
sasra                   轮回,流传sangahti                 结集sapaka-sattva            同类所摄sapaka-sattvam           同品定有性sat                       有sattva                    有情,众生satygraha                坚持真理,持谛secondary quality         第二性的质selbstbewusstsein         自我意识self-consciousness        自我意识self-motion               自己运动semantic                  语义,语意sensation                 感觉sensibilit               感受性social formations         社会形态social organism           社会有机体sophist                   智者sophistry                 诡辩论sorrow                    悲space and time            空间和时间species                   种(逻辑的),属
                      (哲学的)species genus             属spenta mainyu             圣灵spermata                  种子square of opposition      逻辑方阵sramaa                   沙门statistical laws          统计规律structure                 结构subaltern opposition      差等关系subcontrary opposition    下反对关系subject                   主项,主语,主体subject and object        主体与客体sublation                 扬弃sublimity                 崇高substance                 实体substantia                本体,实体nya                     空surface structure         表层结构syntactics                语法学syntax                    语形,句法,语法synthetical judgements    综合判断synthetical judgments     先天综合判断
a priorisystem                    系统

                     T
tathandlung               事实行动teleology                 目的论telos                     目的testebality               可检验性the first mover           第一推动者the one                   太一thing in themselves       物自体thinking                  思维thought                   思想to hen                    太一transcendent              超验的transcendental            先验的transformational          转换生成语法
generative grammartranszendentale logik     先验逻辑transzendz                超越存在triad                     三一式truth                     真理truth condition           成真条件truth-function            直值函项truth value               直值

                     U
ugliness                  丑understanding             理智,知性univers                   宇宙universal                 共相universal quantifier      全称量词

                     V
vacuum                    虚空vadnta                   吠檀多variation                 变异veda                      吠陀,明论verification              证实verisimittude             真度vibhuti                   神通vijptimtrat           唯识vindication               实用辩护vorstellung               表象

                     W
well-being                 幸福weltgeist                  世界精神will-less                 自失world outlook             世界观

                     Y
yama                      禁制,夜摩

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