The application of a new distance metric in multilevel codes with MQAM;

The exact closed-form symbol error probability (SEB) expressions of orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC) with M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) and M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) over Rician-Nakagami fading channels have been achieved.

Then,a new multistage blind subtractive clustering algorithm is used to identify the two different classes of modulation formats(MPSK/MQAM(M-ary phase shift keying/M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation)) and to determine the number of the signal constellation points as the result of the modulation classification.

The results of theory analysis and simulation show that the algorithm can promote correctness of identification in MFSK/MQAM signals and decrease the SNR threshold of identification effectively.

Modulation Effect of Periodic Phase to Chemical Oscillation;

Stochastic Resonance Under Modulation in a Model ofElectrooxidation of Formic Acid;

Dynamic modulations on intensity sensitivity evoked by weak noise in the inferior collicular neurons;

Changes of Routine Chemical Components in Burley Tobacco from Topping to Curing;

Physical and Chemical Changes in Yellow Sun-cured Tobacco during Curing;

Effects of Film Color on Oriental Tobacco Curing;