By using infrared scanning technique, the formation and evolution of defect temperature field and the heat dissipation in the process of defect evolution are investigated experimentally.

Western economics takes market externality as an important field of study and regards it as one of the basic phenomena of market defect.

The paper makes a systematic analysis of the phenomena and causes of market defect and government ineffectiveness,and put forward an ideal method to solve the two problems.

The market defect does exist in the operational process.

This paper analyzes government failure from a practical angle: on one hand, market failure demands government s interference, because of many reasons, market defects have been exaggerated, which leads to too much interference from the government; on the o.

Measurement of defect depth by infrared thermal wave nondestructive evaluation based on pulsed phase;

The paper has proved that when the defect production velocity and the temperature of the thermostat, the controllable parameters,are in some range, there are the defect concentration and temperature oscillate periodically with time-the time dissipative str.

The results of positron annihilation spectra showed that defect concentration was different in all the DLC films.

To modify NSC,a new formula of ultimate bending moment with consideration of defect length was established.