1) vertical equity
纵向公平
1.
Based on multivariable analysis of data of elementary schools in a western province in China,the study draws conclusions concerning school finance arrangements of the given province: in horizontal equity,Per-student Budgetary Public Expenses is the most unequal index;as to vertical equity,the equity effect of the poor counties designa.
结果发现,横向公平方面,无论从整体还是局部来看,生均预算内公用经费相差最大;纵向公平方面,该省贫困县公平要素比农村要素更加明显,该省向贫困县倾斜教育资源的政策取得了较理想的结果;财政中立方面,生均预算内公用经费与人均财政收入显著正相关,且逐年上升。
2.
Vertical equity requires figuring out the problem of distribution gist and the princedom of taxation burden , it requires vertical equity recruits horizontal equity in all aspects, and choosing Social welfare function.
税收纵向公平是横向公平的进一步延伸,税收只有做到纵向公平才能真正保证横向公平的实现,税收公平最终体现为纵向公平。
2) Wingding
[英]['wiŋdiŋ] [美]['wɪŋ,dɪŋ]
纵向平面
3) longitudinal smoothing
纵向平滑
5) tile vertical
纵向平铺
6) fore-and-aft leveling
纵向调平
补充资料：公平
处理事情合情合理，不偏袒哪一方面：～合理ㄧ～交易ㄧ裁判～。
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参考词条