There are several specific reasons for the penalty inversion: the law is not completely neutral,penalty of statutory offender is less than natural offender,and statutory offender is no specific victim.

Construct the penalty system of unit s crime again——studying from the angle of the penalty regard as the unit itself;

Economics Explanation on Penalty Existing and Extent for Measurement of Punishment;

Grounds for Light and Heavy Punishments——and on "Strike-hard" Campaign;

The Rational Basis and Realization of Softening Criminal Punishment;

Dealing with the problems of administrative punishment and criminal penalties is their coordination problems.

However,for a juvenile delinquent,the charge of criminal responsibilities and the application of penalties are strikingly different from those for an adult criminal.

Principle of tolerance of penalties is one of prerequisites to participate in international criminal investigation co-operation, it has important fundamental significance.

On the Function of Legislative Evaluation of Criminal Penalty;

Recommitment of crimes means that some individuals who have been subjected to criminal penalty jeopardize society once again.

On Problems Concerning Mitigated Criminal Punishment;

Compared with the foreign criminal laws,the stipulation of criminal punishment types for bribery in our criminal law has much to he perfected,especially in deprivation of criminal s qualification and ability and forfeit,which is disadvantageous for punishing and preventing crimes.

Along this line of thought,criminal punishment should be applied with prudence and in an appropriate amount.