1) official's selection and managing system
选官、治官之术
3) Rule by the Judge
法官之治
4) The Selection and Promotion System of Supervisor in Qing Dynasty
清代言官之选任
5) Selecting Officials
选官
1.
They are the systems in which some persons obtained their official positions according to the status of their elder members of a family,the purchase-an-official-position system,the Nine-rank system,the system of high-ranking officials appointing their own subordinates and the system of selecting officials who dealt with common af.
"恩荫"、"捐纳"、"九品中正"、"辟举"、"吏胥"是中国封建社会的五种选官制度,是造成中国历史上政治腐败的主要原因。
2.
During the Song Dynasty, progress had been made in the improving of selecting officials by means of examination in Guangxi, which was manifested in the variation of the examination forms, the establishing of the examination halls and the implementation of the guarantee system of the examination.
宋代广西的考试选官事业取得较大进展 ,主要表现在考选形式的多元化、考试场所的创辟和考试保障制度的实施等方面。
6) manage the officials
治官
1.
That the emphases of both "manage the country by law" and "manage the country by morality" should be "manage the officials" is decided by the whole benefits of rule ranks and the special position of the officials, special occupation moral ect.
依法治国和以德治国的重点都应当是“治官” ,这是由阶级整体意志和官员的特殊地位、特殊职业道德等决定的 ,也是“治众服人”的前提和基础。
补充资料：总兵官
明朝武职官名。明朝建立后，从京师至地方，皆立卫所（见都司卫所）。遇有征伐，则任命将领担任总兵官，调卫所军，由其统率，战事结束后，交回所佩将印，军队各回卫所。故总兵官属临时差遣，无品级，无定员，多由公、侯、伯、都督充任。正统(1436～1449)以后,边境战事时起，总兵官逐渐成为常设武职官员。其挂印称将军者，云南曰征南将军，大同曰征西前将军，湖广曰平蛮将军，两广曰征蛮将军，辽东曰征虏前将军，宣府曰镇朔将军，甘肃曰平羌将军，宁夏曰征西将军，交阯曰副将军，延绥曰镇西将军。但其在蓟镇、贵州、湖广、四川及儹运淮安者,不得称将军挂印。宣德年间(1426～1435),又设山西、陕西两总兵；嘉靖年间(1522～1566)分设广东、广西、贵州、湖广两总兵为四,改设福建、保定副总兵为总兵，又增设浙江总兵；万历年间 (1573～1619)又增设于临洮、山海;天启年间(1621～1627) ,增设登莱;至崇祯时益纷不可纪。总兵所统之军称正兵,与副总兵分领之奇兵、游击分领之游兵、参将分领之援兵配合作战。明初至明中叶，文武并重，总兵官颇有权势。但明末以文制武，重文官，轻武职，总兵官地位显著下降。
说明：补充资料仅用于学习参考，请勿用于其它任何用途。
参考词条