Invitation to offer has the legal attribute of expressing intent,it has binding force of law in some cases,and the fraudulent inviter can be prosecuted for tort liability.

Although the system of precedent has been theoretically introduced into our country and has been discussed as one of the origins of our country s law for over ten years, it is the first time to impose the binding force on the precedent judgment in the from of system.

In nature,the agreement is an atypical contract in public law and has binding force on the two parties and has no binding force on the prosecution system.

Relationship between restraint intensity and restraint stress in elasto-plastic range;

Study on distribution of restraint intensity and restraint stress in slit weld specimen;

Starting with the change in the groove gap owing to the local preheating, we deal with the additional restraint thermal stress △σ_p and the restraint stress σ_w in the RRC test on local preheating.

By simulating the real condition of field welding of closured weld joint,the constraint stress and welding residual stress status in adopting butt joint and overlap joint were understood and grasped,so providing foundations of selecting feat closured weld joint type for pressure pipes′ welding of No.

In principle,when a contract is entered into by the contracted parties,it has the formal binding force in the form of being a contract,except where the law stipulates otherwise or the contracted parties have agreed on grounds for obstructing the formal binding force of the contract.

Generally a contract has substantial binding force at the time it has formal binding force,except where the law stipulate.