On Emotions in Relegation Literature of the Tang Dynasty;

This article talks about many-sided cultural value of relegation literature on Hainan Island.

From the concept of Relegation Literature,we can have a new understanding to Su Shi\'s relegation literature.

In the temporal distribution of demotion,most of them lived in the mid-or late-Tang Dynasty,and in the spatial distribution,the south,like Lingnan and Jiangnan which are remote and isolated,is the main area chosen as the demotion place especially in Tang Dynasty,which is the most worthy of studying.

Xu Xuan,a man who was gracious and indifferent to fame and benefit,experienced ups and downs in officialdom and three times demotions during his life.

The general psychology of demoted officers and their literature behaviors;

At the end of 20th century, the officialdom literature, as a part of the contemporary literature, shows uncommon livingness.

Changes on the Performance Appraisal System of American Civil Service in Late 20th Centary;

The Historical Evolution of Veterans Preference in the Civil Service Recruitment of American Federal Government;

The civil service play an important role in the maintenance of social stabilization.

Taking Germany as example,Sun Zhong Shan proposed a standard to select civil officials,with the test system to avoid the malpractice,as well as the establishment with operational mechanism and so on.

The rules of civil official s visiting was systematized from imperial order to established practice after Hongxi period of Ming dynasty.