On the Difference of Intelligence Activities between European and American Missionaries and Japanese Monks in Modern Times;

As a special group of the Tibetans,the monks in Tibetan Buddhism temples have rich tea culture.

This discourse will introduce configuration of the fane gardens and the garden life of monks.

From the three aspects of social reality, social culture as well as social economic exchange, the author of this paper expounds and proves the progressiveness expressed by Wang Shi-fu in his Romance of Western Chamber when he lashes out at monks, approves the liberation of individuality and eulogizes the pure love.

The Xinluo monks who came to the Tang Empire for dharma in the early 7th century participated into translation of Buddhist sutras headed by Master Xuanzhuang and made significant contributions to the growth of Buddhist sects and the dissemination of Buddhist doctrine.

Between the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many Chinese bonzes went to Japan, because of many reasons, the most important of which are the war of the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Japanese government’s support and the condition that was provided by nongovernmental trade.