Social Forces in Qin and Han Dynasties and Bureaucratization——A discussion focused on businessmen;

Village election is political activities of common participation of muhi-party in which system elites play a leading role owing to their possession of more resources than ordinary villagers and which takes on stronger features of elite control thanks to the interest alliance formed by those elites through the semi-bureaucratization of their identities.

Bureaucratic administration had persisted for thousands years in china, and the bureaucratic culture also have a far-reaching influence, which embarrass badly constructing the Chinese constitutionalism even in modern times.