It was characterized as prettiness by Zhang Yan in “An Inquiry into Ci Poetry”.

It is resulted from various kinds of factors that the restrained ci style of the Song Dynasty occupies the major posirion.

In the ancient time, people like to use such words as "wan yue", "wan mei", "he wan", "yan wan ", "qi wan", "shen wan" to describe the gracful and restrained beauty of the ci by Qi Guan.

This thesis is to probe how the social and cultural factors affect American euphemism,which include the mid-class culture,women′s liberation movement,racial problem,politics and war.