[Objective]To get some information about the nutrition and health status of rural left-behind children in Hunan province,so as to provide the nutritional intervention project for left-behind children with basic data, and also provide scientific evidence for formulating relative policy, improving and solving the nutritional and healthy problems of rural left-behind children.

In 2005, the amount of the 0~5 years old rural left-behind children in China has reached 1585 ten thousand,accounting for 27.

However ,most of them have to leave their children in the rural areas for most reasons, these children are known as the“rural hometown-remained children”.

As a new social phenomenon during the social transition in recent years, the problem with rural hometown-remained children has caused great attention ranging from the government, academic circles to the whole society.

As three main factors of the moral education on children remaining in rural areas, families, schools and society are facing some trobibles.

The children remaining in rural areas are a special juvenile group.

During the social transitional period,a large group of children remaining in rural areas is coming into being.

Currently, there are many problems of left-behind children education in Yangxin county : worrying situation of survival; poor academic performance, loathing learning; a serious character flaw, weak self-binding; moral anomie, mental health imbalance; code of conduct losing, deviation of behavior.

The juvenile guardianship in China, however, far from perfectly constructed and enforced infirmly without tangible procedures, can not respond efficiently toward some newly emerged social problems, such as the absence of the wardship for the left-behind children.

The left-behind children in rural areas have a better independent mastery in self-care in life, in self-discipline in study, and in mutual support, and in the mean time, they demonstrate an understanding for their parents\' leaving home for work.