They became the richest merchants by managing hard or speculating.

The Tang-dynasty novels first time revealed the merchants life describing their living condition objectively with rich history and cultural information which influenced later similar topic at great level.

The stories give a full display of various difficulties of the straitened scholars who failed in the imperial examinations, and they present readers with those scholars pursuit after material life, their abandoning of faith, their contempt of merchants and also their aspiration for the wedlock with the merchants.

These exotic merchants were creative in business trading and made the cul-ture colorful, so they had an great influence on later similar novels.

The images of merchants repenting of their sins,emerging in the literary works in the Yuan and Ming Dynasty,greatly influenced the scholar s mentality of self-redeeming.

By means of FENG s cultural personality and psychology, to analyze the merchants different standpoints towards marriage is the special horizon to understand the merchants charac.

Profound influence of factors of Confucian ideas on the business concept of "Three remarks";

The Warring States strategists are political opportunists,so their political ideas we.

The poem and prose written by Lu You was deeply affected by the spirit of formal merchants in the Southern Song Dynasty,which brought new changes to his writing.