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1)  Xuetian
官学学田
1.
The educational resources of Jiangnan Area,in terms of Xuetian (government-owned farmlands to support Confucian scholars and Binxing(non-government organization to support the examinees) had experienced a steady development until its transformation in the late 19~(th) century and early 20~(th) century when the new education system was established in China.
清代以官学学田和宾兴为主要载体的公共教育资源在江南地域范围内保持着稳定发展的态势,并在清末新式教育体制逐步确立的时代背景下完成了转型。
2)  official school
官学
1.
So there are great changes: in Imperial school,augmenting Imperial University in Imperial Acadmy,setting different school and starting special lessons;in local education system,as the higher level of the official school un the schools of Qing Dynasty,private schools education becoming the preliminary education for Imperial Examination;in the Imperial Examinat.
中央官学方面,在国子监增建辟雍,设置不同类型的学校,开设特别的课程。
2.
The result shows that through Pre-qin period,martialism was more or less existent,which was further promoted both by official schools and private schools.
结果表明,先秦时期各个时代都有程度不同的尚武思想,重视学校武士教育,在官学和私学中尚武教育得到发展。
3.
According to the Western Han Dynasty official school system, we can speculate the educational situation of the author approximately.
据此,结合西汉官学教育体制,我们对赋作者习学和受教的情况有了个大致臆测。
3)  government-run school
官学
1.
Its establishment was closely related to the decay of the Imperial Examination and government-run school education.
大梁书院是明清时期河南省惟一一所省办书院,其创办与当时科举及官学教育的衰败不无关系。
4)  official study
官学
1.
Under this situation, music education became governmental centered and developed into one of the important parts of the "official study".
西周是我国古代礼乐教育勃兴的时期 ,与土地“国有制”和宗法分封制相适应 ,音乐教育形成了以官府为中心的、较为完备的“官学”教育体系。
5)  Educational officer
学官
1.
After pass the imperial civil examination, Qingliu and Educational officer are his main role in his thirty years official career.
由科举正途入仕后,清流和学官则是他近三十年仕履所扮演的主要角色。
6)  official education
官学
1.
On the basis of local historical documents,this article introduces the general circumstance of the ancients\' donation in the realm of official education in the Ming and Qing period,and discusses the important role these charities played in the process of the ancient educational development.
在官民捐助的各级各类教育机构中,府、县官学教育占据主导地位,其意义尤其重大。
补充资料:学田
      中国封建土地制度下属地方官田或公田的一种,以地租作为祭祀、教师薪俸及补助读书人士等的开支。学田包括书院田。
  
  学田初见于南唐,宋代开始推广。其来源或由皇帝诏赐,或由官府从官田中拨给,或由地方拨款购置,或由私人捐献。宋、元两代学田数额不详。明代学田,按某些州县数额估算,总数当在10万亩以上。清代按《皇朝文献通考》记载,雍正二年(1724)关内十八省共有学田388679亩,至乾隆十八年(1753),增至 1158600亩,增1.98倍。增加最多是湖南省,次为直隶省(今河北省)。各地学田一直延续到中华民国时期。
  
  和民田相比,学田地租较早实行实物定额租和货币租。宋元时,绝大部分学田已采行实物定额租制,仅小部分实行分成租制。至明清,几乎所有学田都实行定额租制。宋代,学田中除稻田外,山地、园地、桑园等已收取货币租,至明清,稻田也多收货币租。从《古今图书集成》所辑录224府州县学田事例看,收取货币租的占54%,货币实物兼行的占13.4%,收取实物租的占32.6%。以定额租而言,如山东黄县学田租,明代每亩三升四合至二斗之间;清代每亩六升至二斗五升之间。湖南湘潭县学田租,明代每亩七斗至八斗之间;清代每亩八斗五升至一石一斗之间。以货币租而言,如福建,明代万历至明末每亩由0.11两至0.63两,平均每亩0.28两。清代从四川汉州嘉庆年间的事例看,低者每亩收钱 612文,高者2733.6文,折中计算为1673文。学田地租剥削率较民田约轻1/3。
  
  府州县学田由学官,即教授、教谕、教导掌管。书院学田由监院、司事、董事经管。租种学田的人多与地方官府或士绅有联系,或由地方吏胥及士绅把持转租。个别地方将学田直接分配给贫士,许其终身耕种。尽管如此,学田佃种者实际上还是农民小生产者,但较多地摆脱了私人地主式的人身压迫,具有较多的人身自由。
  
  封建政府规定,学田不能出卖;地方志中所列"原额"学田,享有免除国家赋税的特权,但书院田须完纳田赋。
  
  学田在封建社会里,为地主阶级政权培养人材起了一定作用。
  

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