This paper describes the physical mechanism of the formation and measurement of ultra-cold neutral plasmas,and gives a detailed analysis of the plasma expansion,formation of Rydberg atoms,evolution of the electron temperature,and heating or cooling effects of the electrons during expansion.

The transformation of ultra-cold Rydberg atom to plasma;

Cavity field squeezing properties is studied after Rydberg atoms interact with the cavity field.

The interaction of a slow two level Rydberg atom and a fast three level Rydberg atom with a cavity field is studied.

The paper reports the research results of the spectra of carbon atom wires (CAW), and, of the electrocatalysis of CAW modified electrodes for the electrochemical processes of ascorbic acid, dopamine and dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH).

The most stable structures of carbon clusters were optimized by the parallel fast annealing evolutionary algorithmbased on the Brenner potential.

According to this approach,the relative abundence of clusters with similar structural configurations and stabilities can be fitted by a single lognormal curve and the number of distribution curves in a mass spectrum corresponds to the number of different configuration of clusters,so we can correlate the mass spectra of carbon clusters with their structures.