To improve the calculation precision of contracting force, many factors including the thickness change, the hardening effect and the friction should be all considered during the calculating process.

The results show that the granite has strain rate effect, hardening effect and jumping behaviors of stress-strain curve.

Tensile strain hardening behaviours of nitrogen strengthening high manganese austenitic cryogenic steel;

Effect of moisture content on PVA-SHCC fracture energy and strain hardening;

Tensile strain hardening behavior of TRIP/TWIP steel with 18.8%manganese

An autofrettage model considering the material strain-hardening relationship and the Baus-chinger effect was proposed based on the actual tensile-compressive stress-strain curve of material and modified yield criterion.

TiNi alloy is an excellent tribo-material compared to conventional wear-resistant materials, which is closely related to its superelasticity originating from stress-induced matensite transformation, along with rapid strain-hardening, erosion-resistance and fatigue-resistance.

There are some different autofrettage models based on different simplified material strain-hardening behaviors,such as linear strain-hardening model, power strain-hardening model, and the combination of these strain-hardening relationship models.