Time geography was originally developed by Swedish geographer, Torsten Hgerstrand and his associates at the Lund University, which first applied study using time geographical approach was a computer simulation model of daily activity programmes in urban planning.

Entropyand the New Landscape—— The Landscape Design of Hargreaves;

On the transformation of value structure for the youth in some western developed countries and its socio-economic reason ——Ronald Inglehart s theory of "post-modern values;