2) perlocutionary act failure
取效行为失败
1.
In these cases, we consider them as perlocutionary act failures.
但是,在现实生活中有大量的例子表明取效行为没有成功地产生说话人预想的影响和结果,我们就把这种取效行为称作“取效行为失败”。
3) The act of a person or thing that fails; a failure.
失败人或事物失败的行为;失败
4) corruption
[英][kə'rʌpʃn] [美][kə'rʌpʃən]
腐败行为
1.
In the paper,the authors show that if the offender prefers risk neutrality,with any salary the offender will go on corruption when opportunities arise.
研究结果表明,对于风险规避的代理人,由于存在现实的层级惩罚制度,一定范围内的腐败活动不可能由增薪得到遏制,只有在惩罚制度具有较好执行力的条件下,提高薪酬才能在一定程度上激励官员减少腐败;在转轨国家对腐败行为"有限容忍"的政策环境中,高薪激励手段能减少执法成本,但不能有效地遏制腐败。
2.
With an effectiveness model based on the legal income and the illegal(corruption) income as the variables,an analysis of the maximum effectiveness reveals that the substitution ratio between the legal income and the illegal(corruption) income is controlled by the internal institution which in turn will influence the degree of corruption.
腐败行为的存在有着深刻的正式制度和非正式制度原因。
3.
The early Stuart Royalty saw the conspicuous corruptions of England noble officials, which resulted from the change of the England society, the establishment of patronage, the change of the economic policy, the transformation of the social conceptions and the lack of the supervision mechanism.
早期斯图亚特是英国贵族官员腐败行为比较突出的时期。
5) Moral Hazard
败德行为
1.
Through institutional construction and arrangement, moral hazard behaviors should invite physical and spiritual retribution with the purpose of promoting healthy trend.
在社会中,道德行为者付出道德成本或代价,却给社会带来正的道德收益,对那些败德行为者,则通过制度建设和安排,对其败德行为给予物质和精神上的惩处,以弘扬道德正气。
2.
And then, three typical principal agent problems of the insurance agency market are analyzed, that is, moral hazard, adverse selection and profit seeking.
分析了保险中介市场所存在的三种典型的委托人—代理人问题 ,即败德行为、不利选择和寻租行为 ,并就保险中介人激励机制的建立进行了探讨 ,提出了非对称信息条件下 ,制定保险中介最优激励合同的对策性建议。
3.
The causes are as follows:information asymmetry,theory of principal and agent,moral hazard and reverse selection,etc.
商业银行信贷风险产生的原因包括信息不对称、委托——代理行为、败德行为、逆向选择
6) selfdefeating behavior
自败行为
补充资料：取效
1.亦作"取効"。 2.收效。
说明：补充资料仅用于学习参考，请勿用于其它任何用途。
参考词条