Based on relevance theory that deals with communication and cognition,the author of this paper discusses the sameness and differences of communicative understanding and cognitive understanding,and based on these,puts forward two different methods of interpreting a literary work-communicative and cognitive.

Through the discussion of the theory of relevance,figure-ground segregation,cognitive model,frames,scripts and stereotypical relation,this paper tries to expose the essence of cognitive understanding.

Listening training techniques refer not only to skill training,but also more essentially to the rational cognition and innovative training for listening capability.

From the perspectives of rational cognition of music and its a esthetic evaluation, this paper aims to reveal the fact that the cultivation of rational cognition is important in music comprehension and appreciation.

Teacher’s teaching rationality should contain‘faith rationality’,‘cognitive rationality’, and‘reflective rationality’.

Distinguishing cognitive rationality from practical rationality is the prerequisite of explaining theoretical foundation of Confucious moral education and explaining the principles of Confucious moral education.

Mohism, by contrast, characterized by a spirit of cognitive reason, demonstrates its potentials of approaching to democracy and science.