Following the Preparations for Constitutionalism in the late Qing Dynasty,the Qing government enacted Law for Assembly and Association(集会结社律) and Newspaper Law(报律) in order to restrict the opinion and political activity of people.

The purpose of the research is to analyze the problems and their causes in social fund-raising land development and consolidation projects,and finally to bring forward advices and countermeasures from such factors as the rule of law,the method of raising money,the scope of investment,the mode of management and the mode of profit distribution.