The article considers that WTO s agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures not only brings impacts on the reform of scientific and technological system in China, but also points out the direction for further reform.

This paper analyzes the challenges of Agreement of Subsidies and Countervailing Measures to some China s support policies of technology innovation, as WTO accession of China is entering into the last phase and R&D based technology innovation is more and more important to enhance the national competitiveness and economic growth.