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1)  cultural patterns and politeness norms
文化模式和礼貌准则
2)  Politeness principles
礼貌准则
1.
With different concept of politeness in mind, the Chinese used to observe Chinese politeness principles in the use of politen.
过去,由于对礼貌的理解不同,中国人在与西方人交往的过程中往往遵循本国的礼貌准则来使用礼貌用语,结果引起不必要的误会。
3)  politeness principle
礼貌准则
1.
The politeness principle of conversation, the concept of the two words "benefit" and "cost", the concrete rules of politeness and the speech act concerned are discussed.
讨论了会话的礼貌原则及“惠”和“损”的概念和具体的礼貌准则,以及相关的言语行为,比较分析了英汉文化背景下的某些礼貌现象。
2.
However,different societies have different politeness principles,which always become the barrier in the cross-cultural communication.
礼貌是不同文化背景的人都必须遵守和维护的准则,但不同文化背景的社会具有不同的礼貌准则,这种文化差异性往往构成跨文化交际的障碍。
3.
In Pragmatics, co-operation principle and politeness principles are the two principles that must be obeyed in communication.
合作原则和礼貌准则是语用学中人们在交际活动中必需遵循的两个原则。
4)  maxims of politeness
礼貌准则
1.
Although Leech s maxims of politeness are common in all cultures,people with different cultural backgrounds may behave differently in abiding by the maxims and in explaining the factors influencing this kind of abidance.
礼貌准则作为语用准则之一,也蕴涵着丰富的文化内涵。
5)  norms of politeness
礼貌准则
1.
The gap between two cultures leads to different understanding and application of English and Chinese norms of politeness.
语言尤其是礼貌用语,不仅是文化的载体,更是不同民族文化、不同思维方式的体现,两种文化的差异导致了中英文化中的礼貌准则的诠释和运用也各不相同。
6)  politeness vs. cultural concepts
礼貌和文化观念
补充资料:礼貌
言语动作谦虚恭敬的表现:有~ㄧ讲~ㄧ~待人。
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