On the basis of the experiments and adequate parametric analysis by FEM,simplified design formulas are proposed for the loading capability of single-layer glass panels restrained by spoke-shaped hollow connectors and square-shaped solid connectors under out-of-plane load,in-plane load,as well as combination of compression and moment actions.

Adopting equivalent rigidity method with considering the axial force and bending moment coactions, the longitudinal response of shield tunnel subjected to differential subsidence due to earthquake is analyzed,The ra- tionality and applicability of the analysis with or without considering such coactions are demonstrated.