By analyzing the responses of 28 landscape metrics for landscape fragmentation and patch shape complexity to various landscape pattern gradients,preference landscape metrics were selected for describing the degree of the two landscape pattern characteristics.

Analysis on the dynamics of patch shape and forest restoration process in Guandishan secondary forest region;

Analysis of the patch shape with shape indices for the vegetation landscape in Beijing;

Fractal analysis of sapling patch shape of the mangrove species, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza;

A novel near-net forming process,gelcasting,was successfully used to prepare porous titanium implants with large-size and complex-shape,and the effects of processing parameters on the viscosity of the slurry,dry green strength, porosity and mechanical properties of sintered body were investigated.

A ultrasonic inspection method,based on teaching-and-playback programming, is presented for countering the low reliability, stability and automatic level in ultrasonic inspection components with complex shape of aerospace industry.

The new two-step chemical procedure is very suitable for complex shaped substrates,such as rotational cutting tools and drawing dies,which may broaden the use of diamond coatings for coated tool applications.

Last,several FGM plate examples with complex shapes and various holes were provided.