The paper started from building and composition of courtyard,partial structure,courtyard model and habitable design and other detail characteristics,the residential concept of ancients seeking for harmonious of quadrangle was illustrated from face to inner,therefore promoted modern building and environmental design.

Efficient courtyard ecological models according to the facts of country should be explored,which benefit to environment and improvement of people s living standard,due to the complicated contradiction of human and nature,and lower economic development in Three Gorges Reservoir area.

Courtyard eco-agro-engineering model is by generating marsh gas to multi-grade utilization of materials and energy,turn the functions of each subsystem into the linkage of the model,and combine the three systems of producer,consumer and restorer to achieve high economic,ecological and social beneficial results.