An iteration method is used to analyze the influences of the turbulent fluctuation on the reconstruction of Reynolds time-averaged temperature in turbulent axisymmetric free flames when the temperature profiles are retrieved by the low time-resolution data of outgoing emission and transmission radiation intensities.

For visualizing non-uniform absorbing, emitting, non-scattering, axisymmetric sooting flames, the conventional two-color emission methods are no longer suitable, and a new emission CT method is used to estimate temperatures and soot volume fractions simultaneously in laminar ethylene flames from the monochromatic radiation intensity images captured by a flame image detector.

For visualizing non-uniform absorbing, emitting, non-scattering, axisymmetric sooting flames, a new emission CT method is used to estimate temperatures and soot volume fractions simultaneously in a candle flame and a kerosene flame from the monochromatic radiation intensity images captured by a flame image detector.

The quantity of propellant flame soot was characterized with the light transmission including the laser transmission and the visible light transmission, the computed temperature in theory was chosen as the relative standard temperature of CARS temperature, and the value of CARS temperautre was compared with that measured by a thermocouple technique.