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1)  no-fines concrete
无砂混凝土
1.
Mix design of the no-fines concrete grouting pile;
无砂混凝土灌注桩配合比设计
2.
This article adopts orthogonal experiment method to carry out research on resistance press and percolation of no-fines concrete, and mensurates porosity and effective porosity of no-finesconcrete and discusses the formula of calculating percolation co-efficient and analyses the factors that have effect on intensity and percolation of no-fines concrete, the mix proportion for practice is raised.
采用正交试验法对无砂混凝土进行抗压强度、渗透试验研究并测定无砂混凝土的孔隙率和有效孔隙率 ,讨论无砂混凝土渗透系数的计算公式 ,分析影响无砂混凝土强度和渗透性的因素 ,提出无砂混凝土应用的推荐配合
2)  non-sand concrete
无砂混凝土
1.
In older to resolve the problem of the great amount of cement and the high cost of non-sand cement grounting pile at parent, after testing studies, it is demonstrated that if fly ash is mixed into non-sand concrete by 15% ̄ 20% amount of cement, and water cement ratio equal or less than 0.
为解决当前无砂混凝上钻孔压浆桩的水泥用量大、工程造价高等问题,经试验研究表明,当在无砂混凝土中掺入占水泥用量15%~20%的粉煤灰,水灰比等于或小于0。
3)  small concrete pile without sand
无砂混凝土小桩
1.
The application of small concrete pile without sand in expressway composite foundation;
无砂混凝土小桩在高速公路复合地基中的运用
2.
The background disposal for roadbed and fillings of narrow special and certain section,using the complex groundsill technique of small concrete pile without sand,can reduce roadbed settlement,control the settlement difference and release jump car of the background.
采用无砂混凝土小桩复合地基技术,处理台后较为狭小的空间及一定路段内的路基及填土,可以实现减小路基沉降,控制台后沉降差异,缓解台后跳车的目的。
4)  small non-sand concrete pile
无砂混凝土小桩
1.
For the expressway widening engineering treated with small non-sand concrete pile,a finite element calculation model is established.
对于采用无砂混凝土小桩处理的高速公路拓宽工程,建立有限元分析计算模型,分析了采用无砂混凝土小桩处理的高速公路拓宽工程的地基及填方路基的变形性状,以及桩长变化对地基及填方路基沉降的影响,对高速公路拓宽工程具有一定的指导意义。
2.
A foundation treatment technology with small non-sand concrete piles is introduced in this paper,including its principle,design and construction process,which is a new-type foundation improvement method and has the advantages of reducing pile usage,shortening construction period and saving capital cost when compared to other foundation treatment methods.
作为一种新型的地基加固方法,详细介绍了无砂混凝土小桩地基处理技术的原理、设计及施工工艺,与其他类似地基处理工艺比较,可减少用桩量,大大缩短工期,节省投资。
5)  non-sand-and-big-hole concrete
无砂大孔混凝土
1.
With the project of the Xilin River Bridge as a practical example, the mix proportion of the non-sand-and-big-hole concrete is designed, with its density, intensity and dank capability related to its road use performance experimentally studied, and the effective construction approaches put forward, and the integrative benefit of the non-sand-and-big-hole concrete in road bed backfill analyzed.
以西林河大桥为工程背景,对无砂大孔混凝土的配合比进行了设计,对无砂大孔混凝土的密度、强度、透水性等三方面路用性能进行了试验研究,提出了行之有效的施工方案,并对无砂大孔混凝土在台背回填中的综合效益进行了分析。
6)  fine aggregate concrete without sand
无砂细石混凝土
1.
An approach to ground of fine aggregate concrete without sand is introduced in respects of raw and processed materials, proportioning ratio, construction technology, and so on.
水泥砂浆地面起砂是建筑工程质量通病之一,用无砂细石混凝土做地面,经多年的实践应用,效果良好。
补充资料:油井防砂和清砂
      对疏松油层进行层内胶固,在井筒内下筛管防止油层砂进入井内,以保证油井、注水井的正常生产,称防砂。
  
  防砂 胶结疏松的砂岩颗粒随油、水进入井筒或携带至地面,会冲蚀、磨损、堵塞深井泵和管线以及地面设备,或沉积于井底,堵塞油层,使油井减产或停产;甚至油层坍塌,挤毁套管,导致油井大修或报废。采油时应根据生产动态、砂样分析及声波测井等资料,及时了解出砂原因、层位及性质,采取有效的防砂措施。防砂措施有筛管滤网和化学胶固两类,前者适用于各种完井方式,应用较广,后者主要用在套管射孔完成的井。通过试油、试采已证实出砂的油层,应考虑防砂完井。
  
  筛管滤网防砂 也称机械防砂,将多缝筛管固定在带孔的钢管上,下至出砂层段并用携砂液将一定粒径的砂粒循环填充于筛管外,靠管外砂粒所形成的桥拱,滤阻油层出砂。对油层单一、无水、气夹层的井,可采用先期防砂。即油层部分用扩眼钻头扩眼后,再下入筛管填砂(见图)。对多层合采或有水、气夹层的井,用射孔完井。清洗套管和炮眼后,再在套管内下筛管填砂。筛管的结构,从割缝到外包金属网或预填砾石,发展到用有机或无机材料预制滤管。目前多用梯形截面的不锈钢丝点焊成强度高、渗滤面大、耐腐蚀的金属绕丝滤管。此法要求根据砂样粒度分析资料,选定筛管缝宽及填入砂粒的直径。
  
  
  化学防砂 向出砂油层注入一定量的化学胶结剂,将油层砂子胶固在一起。常用的胶结剂有树脂类(如酚醛树脂、环氧树脂等),有时也用水泥类材料。要求胶结剂在固结时体积收缩,或加入增孔剂,造成一定的渗透性,以尽量减少对产量的影响。对已经大量出砂的油层,用下列方法形成有渗透性的人工井壁:①将砂与胶结剂按比例混合后,挤入地层;②预先向出砂层填砂,再将原料如甲醛和苯酚以及固化剂按序挤入地层,在地层条件下合成树脂;③石英砂外包一层树脂,在未完全固化前挤入地层,在油层温度条件下固化;④用N2作载体把SiCl4蒸气引入油层,使之分解,析出的Si对疏松砂子起胶结作用。化学防砂的优点是可用于同井多油层防砂,不缩小井眼;缺点是成本较高,易降低出砂层的生产能力,对于油井先期防砂或注水井防砂,效果较好。
  
  清砂 清除井底沉砂,一般下入油管,用洗井液循环冲洗,带出地面。炮眼内积砂,用专门的洗井封隔器分段冲洗。井下深井泵等设备内的积砂,须将设备起出地面,检查清理。
  
  

参考书目
   T. O. Allen & A.P.Roberts, Production Opera- tions,Vol.2,2nd ed.,Oil & Gas Consultants Inter-national,Tulsa,1982.
  

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