Sandy forest-steppe ecotone in Baiyinaobao Natural Reserve of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China is one of the special landscape types in forest-steppe vegetation zone in China.

Picea mongolica is an endemic and endangered tree species in sandy forest steppe ecotone in eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, and P.

To understand the effects of varying soil temperature and moisture content on soil organic carbon(SOC)mineralization under mountain forest,alpine meadow,desert steppe,and arid steppe in mid Qilian Mountains,an anaerobic incubation test with orthogonal design was conducted in an artificial climatic chamber.

As a result, many mountain forest development models have been worked out or identified around the world, including legislation/law, multifunction.

The mountain forests in Hebei province,situated in deciduous broad-leaved zone,have the following charateristics:low productivity,dominative plantations more over naturalforests,and stagged distribution pattern of forest with cropland,orchard and grazing land.

Defining property rights and carrying out the forest land rent system is necessary to solve the problem.

This paper reviewed the study of vegetation restoration of freshwater forested wetlands at home and abroad,including suitable species selection,planting method,restoring pattern,planting density,root pruning and competition controls.