This paper, on the basis of a series of careful analyses of different types of non equivalent idioms in Russian, presents an attempt of the author s tentative definition of the expressions and highlights the significance of the study of the idioms which convey rich cultural connotations in Russian.

The cultural sources of the inequivalence of meanings in the process of translation;

The translation of numerals in literary works or daily use is discussed on the basis of pragmatic equivalence,culture and context.

Based on a comparative study on Chinese and English cultures in names and address terms,this paper discusses how to achieve pragmatic equivalence in translating names and address terms.

From cross-cultural point of view,this paper discusses the applicable principle for guiding translation of kinship addressing terms by resorting to translation theories,namely,the "relevance theory" by Earnest-August Gutt;pragmatic equivalence principle.

The translation of advertising languages should be done under the guideline of the theory of functional equivalence by exploiting the method of literal translation,semantic equivalence and cultural equivalence,thus reflecting the features and functions of the original ads and promoting consuming.

Equivalence is the common goal of all translators, and it can be roughly divided into semantic equivalence.

This thesis aims to make a comparative study of the two Chinese versions of Moment in Peking in the light of Nida s functional equivalence theory, mainly semantic equivalence and stylistic equivalence.

Co-Text Analysis and Textual Equivalence: A Case Study of Translating the Word "Good" in a Given Document;